Originally Posted by
JeMeSouviens
The language around these concepts is often confused but what I meant was the Basques are a nation in exactly the sense you describe, a body of people who identify themselves as Basque based on things they share. In their case, culture, history and, to a much larger extent than in Scotland, language and ethnicity.
As opposed to the use of "nation" to mean what I would define as "state" - an internationally recognised self-governing entity that is dealt with at the same level by other states. States in this sense can contain multiple nations.
And a "nation-state" which is the latter but has come into being to be a state more or less exclusively for one particular nation.
Anyway, all that aside, if you mean the Basques claim to have a history of political independence from Castilian Spain - then look up the Fueros, basically they had an agreement with the Spanish kings to have self-government, no tax to Spain and didn't have to participate in Spanish wars but they did recognise the Spanish king as a feudal overlord kind of thing.